Analysis Options Inputs
The following inputs describe the options available in the analysis_options file. The primary sections are:
general
design_variables
constraints
merit_figure
merit_figure_user
inverse_design
driver
recorder
Of these sections, the design_variables is the most complex. The schema guide for all other sections is:
WISDEM wind turbine optimization options schema
Type: objectSchema that describes the analysis and optimization options for WISDEM
Used to store file name of analysis options file
Name of folder to dump output files
File prefix for output files
Sets the design variables in a design optimization and analysis
Adjust the rotor diameter by changing the blade length (all blade properties constant with respect to non-dimensional span coordinates)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1000.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1000.0
Design variables associated with the wind turbine blades
Design variables associated with the blade aerodynamic shape
Blade twist as a design variable by adding or subtracting degrees from the initial value at spline control points along the span.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
This flag is only used if the flag in twist is set to False. Once turned on, the twist is set to achieve a given target for the angle of attack. The target can be a predefined margin to stall or the point of maximum airfoil efficiency, see flag inverse_target
This input is only used if the flag 'inverse' is set to True. 'maxefficiency' makes sure the twist generates angles of attack corresponding to max airfoil efficiency along span. The input 'stallmargin' makes sure the angles of attack respect a predefined margin from the stall point. The actual margin is set in the input 'stall_margin' among the blade aerodynamic constraints.
Number of equally-spaced control points of the spline parametrizing the twist distribution along blade span.
Value must be greater or equal to 4
Maximum allowable decrease of twist at each DV location along blade span.
Maximum allowable increase of twist at each DV location along blade span.
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Maximum allowable twist during an inverse design. Close to blade root, twist will be capped to this value.
Blade chord as a design variable by scaling (multiplying) the initial value at spline control points along the span.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Number of equally-spaced control points of the spline parametrizing the chord distribution along blade span.
Value must be greater or equal to 4
Maximum nondimensional decrease at each optimization location
Maximum nondimensional increase at each optimization location
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Adjust airfoil positions along the blade span.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Index of airfoil where the optimization can start shifting airfoil position. The airfoil at blade tip is always locked.
Value must be greater or equal to 1
Design variables associated with the internal blade structure
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Set the thickness of any blade layer as a design variable by scaling (multiplying) the initial value at spline control points along the span.
Name of blade structural layer to be optimized
Number of equally-spaced control points of the spline parametrizing the thickness of the layer.
Value must be greater or equal to 4
Maximum nondimensional decrease at each optimization location
Maximum nondimensional increase at each optimization location
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Design variables associated with the control of the wind turbine
Adjust the tip-speed ratio (ratio between blade tip velocity and steady hub-height wind speed)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Minimum allowable value
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Maximum allowable value
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Design variables associated with the hub
Adjust the blade attachment coning angle (positive values are always away from the tower whether upwind or downwind)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the rotor hub diameter
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for hub diameter
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for hub diameter
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Design variables associated with the drivetrain
Adjust the drive shaft tilt angle (positive values tilt away from the tower whether upwind or downwind)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the x-distance, parallel to the ground or still water line, from the tower top center to the rotor apex.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the z-dimension height from the tower top to the rotor apex
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the distance along the drive staft from the hub flange to the first main bearing
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the distance along the drive staft from the first to the second main bearing
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the distance along the drive staft between the generator rotor drive shaft attachment to the stator bedplate attachment
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
For geared configurations only, adjust the gear ratio of the gearbox that multiplies the shaft speed and divides the torque
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 500.0
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1000.0
Adjust the diameter at the beginning and end of the low speed shaft (assumes a linear taper)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the diameter at the beginning and end of the high speed shaft (assumes a linear taper)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
For direct-drive configurations only, adjust the diameter at the beginning and end of the nose/turret (assumes a linear taper)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Lowest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Highest value allowable for design variable
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Adjust the thickness at the beginning and end of the low speed shaft (assumes a linear taper)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Adjust the thickness at the beginning and end of the high speed shaft (assumes a linear taper)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
For direct-drive configurations only, adjust the thickness at the beginning and end of the nose/turret (assumes a linear taper)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
For direct-drive configurations only, adjust the wall thickness along the elliptical bedplate
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
For geared configurations only, adjust the I-beam web thickness of the bedplate
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
For geared configurations only, adjust the I-beam flange thickness of the bedplate
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
For geared configurations only, adjust the I-beam flange width of the bedplate
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 3.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Design variables associated with the tower or monopile
Adjust the outer diamter of the cylindrical column at nodes along the height. Linear tapering is assumed between the nodes, creating conical frustums in each section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Adjust the layer thickness of each section in the column
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Adjust the height of each conical section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Isotropic Young's modulus
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e12
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e12
Material density of the tower
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e5
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e5
Design variables associated with the tower or monopile
Adjust the outer diamter of the cylindrical column at nodes along the height. Linear tapering is assumed between the nodes, creating conical frustums in each section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Adjust the layer thickness of each section in the column
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Adjust the height of each conical section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Isotropic Young's modulus
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e12
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e12
Material density of the tower
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e5
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 1.e5
Design variables associated with the jacket
Adjust the ratio of the jacket foot (bottom) radius to that of the head (top)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Adjust the radius of the jacket head.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Adjust the diameter of the jacket legs.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Overall jacket height, meters.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 1000.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 1000.0
Adjust the leg thicknesses of the jacket.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Adjust the brace diameters of the jacket.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Adjust the brace thicknesses of the jacket.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Jacket bay nodal spacing.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Design variables associated with the floating platform
Design variables associated with the node/joint locations used in the floating platform
List of joints or members by name sets that should be adjusted. A single entry for an independent joint/member or a list of names for joints/members that are linked by symmetry
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Joint or member names of those that are linked
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Design variable bound
List of joints or members by name sets that should be adjusted. A single entry for an independent joint/member or a list of names for joints/members that are linked by symmetry
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Joint or member names of those that are linked
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Design variable bound
Design variables associated with the sets of members that share the same design
Sets of members that share the same design
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Joint or member names of those that are linked
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Diameter optimization of member group
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Should the diameters be constant
Thickness optimization of member group
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Ballast volume optimization of member group
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
List of axial joint sets in this member group that are optimized as one
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Joint or member names of those that are linked
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Stiffener optimization of member group
Ring stiffener optimization of member group
Ring stiffener sizing multiplier on T-shape
Lower bound on scalar multiplier that will be applied to value at control points
Ring stiffener spacing along member axis
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Longitudinal stiffener optimization of member group
Longitudinal stiffener sizing multiplier on T-shape
Lower bound on scalar multiplier that will be applied to value at control points
Longitudinal stiffener spacing around member annulus
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 180.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 180.0
Design variables associated with the mooring system
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Design variable bound
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
List of user-defined design variables. These must be already listed as OpenMDAO indipendent cariable components.
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
OpenMDAO entries, taken from https://openmdao.org/newdocs/versions/latest/features/corefeatures/addingdesvarsconsobjs/addingdesignvariables.html
Promoted name of the design variable in the system.
Array of lower bounds of this user-defined design variable
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Array of upper bounds of this user-defined design variable
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Value of design var that scales to 1.0 in the driver
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
If an input is an array, these indicate which entries are of interest for this particular design variable. These may be positive or negative integers
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Activate the constraints that are applied to a design optimization
Constraints associated with the blade design
Enforce a maximum allowable strain in the suction-side spar caps
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Maximum allowable strain value
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-08 and lesser or equal to 0.1
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Enforce a maximum allowable strain in the pressure-side spar caps
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Maximum allowable strain value
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-08 and lesser or equal to 0.1
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Enforce a maximum allowable strain in the suction-side trailing edge reinforcements
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Maximum allowable strain value
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-08 and lesser or equal to 0.1
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Enforce a maximum allowable strain in the pressure-side trailing edge reinforcements
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Maximum allowable strain value
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-08 and lesser or equal to 0.1
First index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Last index of the array of design variables/constraints that is optimized/constrained
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Enforce a maximum allowable blade tip deflection towards the tower expressed as a safety factor on the parked margin. Meaning a parked distance to the tower of 30m and a constraint value here of 1.5 would mean that 30/1.5=20m of deflection is the maximum allowable
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Enforce a maximum allowable spar cap thickness, expressed as the ratio of the required spar cap thickness at the joint location to the nominal spar cap thickness.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce sufficient blade flexibility such that they can be transported on rail cars without exceeding maximum blade strains or derailment. User can activate either 8-axle flatcars or 4-axle
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensuring blade angles of attacks do not approach the stall point. Margin is expressed in radians from stall.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Enforcing the maximum chord length limit at all points along blade span.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 20.0
Constraint to enforce monothonically increasing chord to max chord, and then decreasing afterwards
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Constraint to enforce monothonically decreasing twist to min twist, and then increasing afterwards
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforcing the minimum blade root circle diameter.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Maximum ratio between the recommended root circle diameter and the actual chord at blade root. The optimizer will make sure that the ratio stays below this value.
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Constraints on blade natural frequencies. The constraints can drive the placement of frequencies above the blade passing (3P) frequency at rated conditions using gamma_freq margin. Can be activated for blade flap and/or edge modes. Equality constraints can also be activated to target specific first and/or second flap/edge modes.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Targeted blade natural frequency (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target natural frequency
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-06 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Targeted blade natural frequency (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target natural frequency
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-06 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Targeted blade natural frequency (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target natural frequency
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-06 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Enforcing a target mass (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target blade mass
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10000000.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 50000.0
Enforcing a target rated velocity (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target rated velocity
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 5.0
(EXPERIMENTAL) Targeted blade moment coefficient (useful for managing root flap loads or inverse design approaches that is not recommendend for general use)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
(EXPERIMENTAL) Targeted airfoil cl/cd ratio (useful for inverse design approaches that is not recommendend for general use)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Activates as a design variable or constraint
file path to constraint data
(EXPERIMENTAL) Targeted blade moment coefficient (useful for managing root flap loads or inverse design approaches that is not recommendend for general use)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Activates as a design variable or constraint
file path to constraint data
Set a minimum bound on AEP in kWh when optimizing the blade and rotor parameters
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0
(EXPERIMENTAL) Bound the ccblade thrust coefficient away from unconstrained optimal when optimizing for power, for highly-loaded rotors
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Constraints associated with the tower design
Double-sided constraint to ensure total tower height meets target hub height when adjusting section heights
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-6 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-6 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a global buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a shell buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the diameter moving up the tower at any node is always equal or less than the diameter of the node preceding it
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the thickness moving up the tower at any node is always equal or less than the thickness of the section preceding it
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Double-sided constraint to ensure target diameter to thickness ratio for manufacturing and structural objectives
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 2000.0
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 2000.0
Enforcing a max allowable conical frustum taper ratio per section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Frequency separation constraint between all tower modal frequencies and blade period (1P) and passing (3P) frequencies at rated conditions using gamma_freq margin.
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Targeted range for tower first frequency constraint. Since first and second frequencies are generally the same for the tower, this usually governs the second frequency as well (both fore-aft and side-side first frequency)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Enforcing a target mass (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target blade mass
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10000000.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 50000.0
Constraints associated with the monopile design
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a global buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a shell buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the diameter moving up the tower at any node is always equal or less than the diameter of the node preceding it
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the thickness moving up the tower at any node is always equal or less than the thickness of the section preceding it
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Double-sided constraint to ensure target diameter to thickness ratio for manufacturing and structural objectives
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 2000.0
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 2000.0
Enforcing a max allowable conical frustum taper ratio per section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Targeted range for tower first frequency constraint. Since first and second frequencies are generally the same for the tower, this usually governs the second frequency as well (both fore-aft and side-side first frequency)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Enforcing a target mass (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target blade mass
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10000000.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 50000.0
Ensures that the submerged suction pile depth meets a minimum value
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 200.0
Ensures that the top diameter of the monopile is the same or larger than the base diameter of the tower
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Constraints associated with the monopile design
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a global buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a shell buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the diameter moving up the tower at any node is always equal or less than the diameter of the node preceding it
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the thickness moving up the tower at any node is always equal or less than the thickness of the section preceding it
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Double-sided constraint to ensure target diameter to thickness ratio for manufacturing and structural objectives
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 2000.0
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 2000.0
Enforcing a max allowable conical frustum taper ratio per section
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.001 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Targeted range for tower first frequency constraint. Since first and second frequencies are generally the same for the tower, this usually governs the second frequency as well (both fore-aft and side-side first frequency)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Enforcing a target mass (useful for inverse design approaches)
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value of the target blade mass
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10000000.0
Maximum offset from target, this is used to leverage inequality constraints and define the bandwidth of feasibility.
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 50000.0
Ensures that the submerged suction pile depth meets a minimum value
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 200.0
Ensures that the top diameter of the monopile is the same or larger than the base diameter of the tower
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the diameter of the hub is sufficient to accommodate the number of blades and blade root diameter
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the angular deflection at this meain bearing does not exceed the maximum allowable deflection for the bearing type
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the angular deflection at this meain bearing does not exceed the maximum allowable deflection for the bearing type
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the bedplate length is sufficient to meet desired overhang value
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the bedplate height is sufficient to meet desired nacelle height value
Activates as a design variable or constraint
For direct-drive configurations only, ensure that the inner diameter of the nose/turret is big enough to allow human access
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Minimum size to ensure human maintenance access
Value must be greater or equal to 0.1 and lesser or equal to 5.0
Allowable non-torque deflection of the shaft, in meters, at the generator rotor attachment for direct drive or gearbox attachment for geared drive
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Upper limit of deflection
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-6 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Allowable non-torque angular deflection of the shaft, in radians, at the generator rotor attachment for direct drive or gearbox attachment for geared drive
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Upper limit of angular deflection
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 30.0
Allowable deflection of the nose or bedplate, in meters, at the generator stator attachment
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Upper limit of deflection
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-6 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Allowable non-torque angular deflection of the nose or bedplate, in degrees, at the generator stator attachment
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Upper limit of angular deflection
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-5 and lesser or equal to 30.0
For direct-drive configurations only, ensure that the elliptical bedplate length is greater than its height
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the mooring system has enough restoring force to keep the heel/pitch angle below this limit
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 45.0
Ensure that the mooring system has enough restoring force to keep the heel/pitch angle below this limit
Value must be greater or equal to 1.0 and lesser or equal to 45.0
Ensure that the mooring system has enough restoring force so that this surge distance, expressed as a fraction of water depth, is not exceeded
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Ensures that the platform displacement is sufficient to support the weight of the turbine system
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures that there is sufficient volume to hold the specified fixed (permanent) ballast
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures that there is sufficient volume to hold the needed water (variable) ballast to achieve neutral buoyancy
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures hydrostatic stability with a positive metacentric height
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0
Ensures that the freeboard (top points of structure) of floating platform stays above the waterline at the survival heel offset
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures that the draft (bottom points of structure) of floating platform stays beneath the waterline at the survival heel offset
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures that the mooring line attachment depth (fairlead) is sufficiently beneath the water line that it is not exposed at the significant wave height
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures that the mooring lines have sufficient restoring force to overcome rotor thrust at the max surge offset
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensures that the mooring lines have sufficient restoring force to overcome rotor thrust at the max heel offset
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Keep the mooring line tension below its breaking point
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Keep the mooring line length within the bounds for catenary hang or TLP tension
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the maximum vertical force on the anchor does not exceed limit
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the maximum lateral force on the anchor does not exceed limit
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a maximum allowable von Mises stress relative to the material yield stress with safety factor of gammaf * gammam * gamma_n
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a global buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Enforce a shell buckling limit using Eurocode checks with safety factor of gammaf * gammab
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Ensure that the rigid body period stays within bounds
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Ensure that the rigid body period stays within bounds
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Ensure that the rigid body period stays within bounds
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Ensure that the rigid body period stays within bounds
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Ensure that the rigid body period stays within bounds
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Ensure that the rigid body period stays within bounds
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
Value must be greater or equal to 0.01
User-defined constraints based on full variable name. Must enter a lower_bound and/or an upper bound for each constraint
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
User-specified constraint variable using full name in the WISDEM namespace
Variable must be greater than or equal to this value (entry must have lowerbound and/or upperbound)
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Variable must be less than or equal to this value (entry must have lowerbound and/or upperbound)
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Optional string of python indices in a list (i.e. [0,1,2]) or slice (i.e. [:3])
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
Value to scale constraint close to 1.0 in the driver (for optimization conditioning)
Objective function / merit figure for optimization (not checked via schema, but in python). Choices are LCOE- levelized cost of energy, AEP- turbine annual energy production, turbinecost- turbine CapEx, boscost- balance of station CapEx, Cp- rotor power coefficient, blademass, towermass, towercost, monopilemass, monopilecost, structuralmass- tower+monopile mass, structuralcost- tower+monopile cost, bladetipdeflection- blade tip deflection distance towards tower, Mystd- blade flap moment standard deviation, flp1std- trailing flap standard deviation, platformmass- floating platform mass without variable ballast, inverse_design- custom inverse design used to match reference values of any arbitrary output. Can make a list of objectives.
Provides mechanism for a user-specific objective function. Overrides any entries in merit_figure.
No Additional ItemsEach item of this array must be:
User-specified objective function / merit figure using full variable name in the WISDEM namespace
Approximate expected value of the user-defined objective function (just need the nearest order-of-magnitude) for scaling the objective function for optimization conditioning. For example, if you expect values in the range of 6000, enter in 1000.
If true, this maximizes the objective function. If false, then minimize
For use with the inversedesign meritfigure. Specifies the reference output variable's 'prom_name' name and the desired value, accepts multiple variables. A normalized difference between the actual value and reference value is calculated for each variable. A Root Mean Square (RMS) is calculated with all variables and the optimizer minimizes the RMS. If the refernce output variable is an array, specify the element index number via "idx".
Each additional property must conform to the following schema
Type: objectNo Additional Items
Specification of the optimization driver (optimization algorithm) parameters
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Convergence tolerance (relative)
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-12 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Some type of tolerance?
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-12 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Convergence tolerance based on changes in design variables instead of objective function (NLOpt driver only)
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-12 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Initial rho?
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 10.0
Adaptive solver flag?
Max number of optimization iterations
Value must be greater or equal to 0 and lesser or equal to 100000
Max number of generations for evolutionary drivers
Value must be greater or equal to 0 and lesser or equal to 100000
Max number of major optimization iterations of SNOPT
Value must be greater or equal to 0 and lesser or equal to 100000
Max number of minor optimization iterations of SNOPT
Value must be greater or equal to 0 and lesser or equal to 100000
Max seconds of major iteration runtime for SNOPT
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Max change during a line search in SNOPT
Value must be greater or equal to 0
A measure of the relative accuracy with which the nonlinear functions can be computed for SNOPT. Usually set based on how many significant digits the function is known to be accurately computed to.
Value must be greater or equal to 0
Max number of calls to objective function evaluation
Value must be greater or equal to 0 and lesser or equal to 100000000
File name (saved to the output folder) for saving pyopt_sparse optimization history. Default is None for no output.
File location of a pyopt_sparse optimization history to use to hot start the optimization. Default is None.
Optimization driver.
Must be one of:
- "SLSQP"
- "CONMIN"
- "COBYLA"
- "SNOPT"
- "Nelder-Mead"
- "GA"
- "GN_DIRECT"
- "GN_DIRECT_L"
- "GN_DIRECT_L_NOSCAL"
- "GN_ORIG_DIRECT"
- "GN_ORIG_DIRECT_L"
- "GN_AGS"
- "GN_ISRES"
- "LN_COBYLA"
- "LD_MMA"
- "LD_CCSAQ"
- "LD_SLSQP"
- "NSGA2"
- "DE"
Maximum step size for finite difference approximation
Value must be greater or equal to 1e-10 and lesser or equal to 100.0
Finite difference calculation mode
Must be one of:
- "central"
- "forward"
- "complex"
Step type for computing the size of the finite difference step.
Must be one of:
- "None"
- "abs"
- "rel_avg"
- "rel_element"
- "rel_legacy"
Toggle driver debug printing
Population size for evolutionary drivers (e.g. NSGA2)
Value must be greater or equal to 1
Toggle parallel model evaluations for evolutionary drivers
Random seed for evolutionary drivers
Value must be greater or equal to 1
Crossover probability for NSGA2
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Mutation probability for NSGA2
Value must be greater or equal to 0.0 and lesser or equal to 1.0
Specification of the design of experiments driver parameters
Activates as a design variable or constraint
Toggle parallel model runs
Type of model input generator.
Must be one of:
- "Uniform"
- "FullFact"
- "PlackettBurman"
- "BoxBehnken"
- "LatinHypercube"
Number of samples to evaluate model at (Uniform and LatinHypercube only)
Value must be greater or equal to 1 and lesser or equal to 1000000
Random seed to use if design is randomized
Value must be greater or equal to 1 and lesser or equal to 1000000
Number of evenly spaced levels between each design variable lower and upper bound (FullFactorial only)
Value must be greater or equal to 1 and lesser or equal to 1000000
Descriptor of sampling method for LatinHypercube generator
Must be one of:
- "None"
- "center"
- "c"
- "maximin"
- "m"
- "centermaximin"
- "cm"
- "correelation"
- "corr"
Number of iterations in maximin and correlations algorithms (LatinHypercube only)
Value must be greater or equal to 1 and lesser or equal to 1000000
Toggle driver debug printing
Specification of the step size study parameters
Activates as a design variable or constraint
List of step size values to use for the study
No Additional ItemsFinite difference calculation mode
Must be one of:
- "central"
- "forward"
- "complex"
Functions of interest for which we'll compute total derivatives
No Additional ItemsDesign variables we'll perturb for the step size study
No Additional ItemsWhen True, return derivatives that are scaled according to either the adder and scaler or the ref and ref0 values that were specified when adddesignvar, addobjective, and addconstraint were called on the model.
Optimization iteration recording via OpenMDAO
Activates as a design variable or constraint
OpenMDAO recorder output SQL database file
If true, only record design variables.
List of variables to include in recorder
No Additional Items